Abstract

Dental implant is considered to be one of the most successful methods for teeth replacement and needs stability for achieving a successful implant such as the primary stability that comes after implant placement and considered as a gold standard for a successful implant. The present review aimed to outline the essential factors impacting the primary stability of dental implants and to show the impact of varied surface treatments on titanium dental implants. The implant stability was measured according to the periotest values and implant stability quotient of Osstell’s resonance frequency analysis. The primary stabilization of implants is negatively affected by the presence of guided bone regeneration. The geometrical factors of implants, such as shape, length, and diameter, may impact the primary implant stability. Furthermore, increasing the length and diameter of the implant had significantly increased the primary stability. Therefore, in the cases of low bone quality, it is advisable to avoid using narrow platform implants, and it is preferred to do different guided bone regeneration techniques according to pre-surgical evaluation as well as to the surgical situation that played a crucial role in the stability of the primary implant, for example, osteotome technique, piezoelectric surgery, low-level laser therapy, and flapless procedure. Osteoporosis, diabetes mellitus, and smoking are considered as questionable aspects of dental implant placement.

Key words: Dental implant, primary stability, resonance frequency analysis (RFA)