Background: Diffuse parenchymal lung disease affects interstitium. Pulmonary Function Test is utilized for diagnosis, severity assessment, and treatment response. Spirometry and diffusing capacity of carbon monoxide (DLco) are commonly used in routine.
Aim and Objectives: The aim of the study was to study demography and radiology of interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) and to assess severity and progression of ILDs.
Materials and Methods: A prospective and observational study was carried out of age group >12 years at tertiary care center from October 2019 to September 2021. Participants having clinical suspicious of ILD were advised for high-decision computed tomography. Among those having ILDs were evaluated for spirometry at first visit and at 6 month. The treatment was given according to the standard guidelines protocol in between.
Results: Total 100 participants (58 male and 42 female) involved in the study. Mean (standard deviation [SD]) of age and body mass index was 49.1 (13.6) and 23.84 (4.51), respectively. Smokers, ex-smoker, and non-smoker were 32%, 10%, and 58%, respectively. Exertional dyspnea (93%) and dry cough (45%) were the most common symptoms to be encountered. Spirometry parameters such as forced expiratory volume at 1 s (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), FEV1/FVC, DLco, and gender, age, and physiology index depicted 50.25 (13.56), 54.06 (13.53), 95.50 (18.35), 42.52 (11.23), and 3.30 (1.45), respectively. Significant decline in lung function was observed at 6 months (P < 0.001). Septal thickening (71%) and traction bronchiectasis (43%) were commonly observed radiological patterns.
Conclusion: The spirometry data of ILD patients have predominant restrictive pattern (moderate severity) with high incidence of IPF (Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis). The majority ILDs are progressive in nature; lung function declined in course of time and equally distributed irrespective the smoking status.
Key words: Interstitial Lung Disease; Spirometry; Radiology; Gender, Age, and Physiology Index
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