ABSTRACT
Malaria continues to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality in many tropical countries. The lack of progress in drug discovery and the spread of drug resistance become the reason behind this. Porifera (sponges) are potential source of novel bioactive compounds to provide future drugs against malaria. In this review, we summarized 243 isolated molecules belonging to 35 different genera that active against Plasmodium falciparum from published paper until March 2019. The molecules were classified into potent, good, moderate, low, and inactive based on their IC50 and among observed bioactive metabolites, there were 57 marine sponge molecules were reported to act as potent anti-plasmodium against various strain of Plasmodium falciparum including drug resistance and non-drug resistance. The class of compounds which exhibit potent antiplasmodial activity includes manzamine alkaloids, guanidine alkaloids, bispyrroloiminoquinone alkaloids, pyrroloiminoquinone alkaloids, ingamine alkaloids, bromotyrosine alkaloids, sesquiterpenoids, diterpene formamides, aminoimidazole, β-galactosyl ceramides, β-lactam, meroterpene, trisoxazole macrolides, peroxides, thiazine alkaloids, sterols. With this up-to-date review, we attempt to present new perspectives for the rational discovery of novel sponge metabolites that can be used as lead compounds in antimalarial drug development.
Key words: Bioactive compounds; drug development; antimalaria; marine natural product; porifera
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