Excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a major cause of endothelial apoptosis. Mangosteen extract has been shown to possess antioxidant properties. Mangosteen is commonly extracted either with semi-polar solvent, yielding virtually pure α-mangostin, or with water, yielding a low α-mangostin concentration but including a wide variety of other polyphenols present in the fruit. However, the effect of a water extract of mangosteen (ME) on ROS induced cell death is not yet known. This study evaluated whether ME suppresses H2O2 induced endothelial cell death and ROS production in human endothelial cell lines. The concentrations of ME and H2O2 were determined by MTT assay. Intracellular ROS levels were determined by DCF-DA assay, and cell death rates by MTT and TUNEL assays. MAPK and apoptotic proteins were analyzed by western blot. Results showed that ME concentrations of 1, 5 and 10 µg/ml were non-toxic. ME significantly attenuated ROS formation and cell death, both in a dose dependent manner. ME also reduced phosphorylation of p38 MAPK as well as cleavage of caspase 3 and PARP-1. In summary, ME demonstrates anti-apoptotic effects against H2O2 induced endothelial cell death by inhibiting ROS formation and suppressing p38 MAPK.
Key words: Mangosteen extract, oxidative stress, apoptosis, cell death, H2O2
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