Abstract

The geology of Nigeria comprises both the crystalline basement complex and the sedimentary basins of different ages. Research studies from many angles indicate potentials for geothermal energy in the country. Temperature data obtained from oil drilling activities in some deep basins give a geothermal gradient of up to 5oC/100m. Temperatures of 100°C to 175°C were obtained at 1200 to 2600 m below ground level in some part of the Nigerian sector of the Chad Basin. The Chad basin is reported as a rift-related basin, with recognized faults system. Interpreted gravity data from the Nigeria’s Chad Basin shows that large geothermal anomalies in a fault-bounded graben-horst system are caused by uplifted mantle (thinned crust) to the depth range of 23 to 26 km in the Basin. There also exist some known and unknown thermal springs within Nigerian crystalline province. Water of warm springs in Akiri and Ruwan Zafi in Nigeria has the temperature of about 54°C, suggesting occurrence of some geothermal anomalies. This paper presents the status of knowledge of geothermal energy exploration in Nigeria. Major challenge hindering geothermal investigation in Nigeria is an absence of awareness in both the public and private sector. There is little technical knowledge, expertise and exposure on geothermal energy in the country in general. Public outreach and acceptance is a key factor for geothermal energy exploration. Government should put in place a project with a time frame that will come out with a Strategic Geothermal Resource Assessment in Nigeria and encourage the private sector to participate in geothermal energy development projects.

Key words: Geothermal Energy, Geothermal exploration