Flower development is a complex procedure regulated by combinatorial factors such as transcription factors, peptides, hormones and small RNAs. One of the important gene determines the floral structure and floral meristem is APETALA2 (AP2) which belongs to a large family of transcription factors. AP2 contributes stochastically in signaling pathway in flower development and in various bioactive components synthesis. GbAP2 gene in live fossil Ginkgo biloba, is expressed in leaves and female strobili, suggesting GbAP2 might be involved directly in leaf and female stobili development whereas it may possible that GbAP2 indirectly involved in synthesis of bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, terpenoids, ginkgolides, and organic acids. Gingko or Ginkgo biloba is among the most popular herbs used in United States. Bioactive compounds isolated from the ginkgo plant are thought to contribute as antioxidant and antiplatelet activity. Due to pleotropically nature of AP2, it involved in various tissues such as regulating in floral patterning, seed development, and stem cell maintenance, and floral organ identity, establishment of the floral meristem, leaves, and stems development. AP2 also regulate number of downstream genes but its own expression is negatively regulated at translational or posttranslational levels by miRNA172 which is a small RNA (22 bp) and binds to complementary region of AP2 transcript. ap2 mutant showed increases in seed size and seed mass, this property of AP2 could be used in medicinal plant to enhance the valuable product. Since AP2 engaged in various pathways it is essential to compile the functioning in the form of presented manuscript discusses the structure and functioning of AP2. We likewise explain how AP2 involved in various expressions and its regulatory mechanism especially in plant.
Key words: APETALA2; Transcription factor; miRNA172; floral development; RNA-induced silencing complex; Nitrogen use efficiency
|
