Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to explore the association between the aforementioned factors and risk of breast cancer, among women in the Western Region of Saudi Arabia with a first-degree relative with breast cancer.
Methods: From November 5 to December 2, 2024, a cross-sectional survey of 675 women with first-degree relatives who had breast cancer was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire that covered sociodemographic, medical, lifestyle, reproductive, and environmental aspects. The risk of developing breast cancer was measured.
Results: A total of 27.6% of participants with complete data had a first-degree relative with breast cancer (median age at diagnosis 42 years), and 5.9% had a history of breast cancer. Unhealthy dietary habits were found to be significantly associated with breast cancer status (p-value = 0.046) and history of breast biopsy status (p-value = 0.054).
Conclusion: Family risk was found to be a significant, but not a predictive factor for breast cancer. These findings validate the relevance of comprehensive risk assessments that encompass genetic and environmental exposures. The incorporation of diet and other modifiable behaviors into risk models may enable early detection and prevention. Future studies are needed to validate these models and improve breast cancer risk reduction.

Key words: Breast cancer, family history, dietary habits, risk factors, cross-sectional study