Background: The statistical profile reflects a global estimate of 5.1 million deaths in 2000, which was due to injuries due to fatal RTA. This accounted for 10% of deaths due to all causes. Out of this a quarter of injury-related deaths occurred in the South-East Asian region. Road Traffic Accident (RTA) is one among the top five causes of morbidity and mortality in South-East Asian countries. Most common cause of blunt abdominal trauma in India is road traffic accident followed by pedestrian accidents, abdominal blows and fall from heights.
Aims: To analyze the epidemiology and pattern of fatal thoraco-abdominal Injuries in road traffic accidents
Methodology: An autopsy based Cross sectional study conducted. A purposive sampling technique was applied to select the study sample of 100 post mortems of Road Traffic Accident between November 2008 and May 2010 subjected to medico-legal autopsy at the department of Forensic Medicine, KIMS Hospital Bangalore.
Results: The majority of the victims were aged 21 to 40 years 50 (50.0%), most of the victims were male 92 (92.0%), and male/female ratio 11.5:1. Commonest offending agents in were heavy motor vehicles 54 (54.0%). Bony cage sustained injuries were observed in 71 out of this fractures of ribs were observed in 45 (63.3%) victims, clavicle in 14 (19.7%), sternum was 6 (8.4%), and vertebrae 6 (8.4%) of fatal road traffic accidents. Internal thoracic injuries were observed in 26 cases. Among internal thoracic injuries, lungs were the most commonly involved organ 24 (92.3%) followed by the heart 2 (7.6%). Lung sustained more lacerations 19 (79.1%) than contusions 5 (20.8%). Internal abdominal injuries were observed in 49 cases. In road traffic accidents the most commonly injured abdominal organs were solid organs such as Liver 16 (32.6%) followed Spleen 9 (18.3%).
Conclusions: Road traffic accidents commonly involved young and productive males. More than fifty per cent of the accidents were found to occur during the weekends. Most common cause of death in RTA was Head injury followed by persistent irreversible shock. Hospitals with designated trauma centers have improved outcomes when compared to hospitals without them, and if trauma victims transfer directly to a trauma centre it can greatly improve the outcome of the trauma case. This study can help the planners to take safety measures, to risk stratification in the susceptible population and the study of nature of offending agent in RTA can help the authorities in propagating safety measures to educate the people and to create better health care facilities (Trauma centers, quick response teams and Ambulances) on roads
Key words: Road Traffic Accidents, Abdominal injuries, Thoracic injuries, Bangalore
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