Abstract

Zoonotic diseases (ZDs) represent a major global health threat due to their ability to spread across species and across national borders, with substantial impacts on animal health, human well-being, and socioeconomic stability, driven by factors such as intensified livestock production, global trade and movement, environmental disruption, and the expanding human–animal–ecosystem interface. This review examines how surveillance systems aid in the formulation and execution of health policies pertaining to the control of ZDs, with a focus on the shift from epidemiological detection to regulation and policy response. Rather than repeating the broader significance of One Health, this review specifically emphasizes how surveillance outputs are translated into actionable policy instruments, preparedness plans, and regulatory decisions. The assessment discusses interdisciplinary governance models, data-sharing mechanisms, and policy coordination pathways at national and international levels involving public health and animal health sectors. A qualitative literature synthesis was conducted using publications retrieved from databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, together with international guidelines and official policy documents from organizations including WHO, FAO, and WOAH, with inclusion criteria focusing on scientific articles, technical reports, and policy frameworks relevant to ZD surveillance and health policy implementation. The analysis demonstrates that despite the rapid advancement of zoonotic monitoring systems, several challenges remain in translating surveillance data into policy decisions, including institutional fragmentation, technical capacity limitations, and inadequate riskbased response mechanisms. Although both national and international regulatory frameworks provide comprehensive guidance, their effectiveness is largely dependent on institutional operational alignment, regulatory consistency, and context-specific implementation capacity. Integrated multisectoral governance frameworks have emerged as a key mechanism for strengthening the link between surveillance evidence and regulatory action. Overall, strengthening interoperable surveillance networks, harmonizing policy frameworks, and improving interagency coordination are critical to building a resilient and proactive global health security architecture for effective and sustainable ZD control.

Key words: Health policy; One Health; Regulation; Surveillance; Zoonotic diseases.