Abstract

Background: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a widespread endocrine disorder affecting women of reproductive age, often associated with hormonal imbalances that disrupts the normal functioning of the ovaries. Key reproductive hormones involved include Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH), Luteinizing Hormone (LH), Oestrogen (E2), and Prolactin. These disruptions can contribute to symptoms like irregular periods, infertility, weight gain, and emotional distress. Understanding the delicate balance of these hormones is essential for diagnosis and managing PCOS. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare reproductive hormone levels including FSH, LH, E2, and prolactin in woman with PCOS and those with normal ovarian morphology. Methods: A total of 100 reproductive-age woman from Bosnia and Herzegovina were included, divided in control group (n=50) normal ovaries and PCOS group (n=50). Hormonal levels were measured and statistically analysed. Results: According to the obtained results, a statistically significant difference in LH levels and FSH/LH ratio between the PCOS and control group was observed. Women with PCOS exhibited elevated LH levels and a decreased FSH/LH ratio, indicating a hormonal shift in favour of LH. Although FSH levels in PCOS patients were lower, they remained within the lower reference range. No statistically significant differences were observed in E2 and Prolactin levels between the two groups. Conclusion: PCOS is characterized by altered reproductive hormone profiles, particularly elevated LH and a disrupted FSH/LH ratio, while E2 and Prolactin remain largely unaffected. These findings contribute to a better understanding of PCOS pathophysiology.

Key words: Polycystic ovaries, FSH, LH, E2, prolactin