Abstract

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a hereditary hemoglobinopathy characterized by recurrent vaso-occlusive crises (VOCs), chronic hemolytic anemia, and progressive organ damage. Acute sickle cell crises are the leading cause of morbidity, mortality, and healthcare utilization among affected individuals. Preventing these crises remains a cornerstone of SCD management. This review explores the role of disease-modifying pharmacologic therapies and lifestyle interventions in reducing the frequency and severity of sickle cell crises. Evidence supporting the use of hydroxyurea, L-glutamine, voxelotor, crizanlizumab, and curative approaches such as hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and emerging gene-based therapies is discussed. Additionally, the impact of lifestyle measures including hydration, infection prevention, nutrition, physical activity, and psychosocial support is reviewed. A combined approach integrating pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic strategies is essential for optimal long-term outcomes in patients with SCD.

Key words: Sickle Cell Crisis، Hydroxyurea، Crizanlizumab، Voxelotor.