Diabetes and breast cancer are connected via the presence of hyperinsulinemia, inflammation caused by obesity, and changes in sex hormones. The present study investigated the ability of enriched fractions isolated from hemp (Cannabis sativa L. subsp.) to inhibit α-glucosidase and exhibit cytotoxic effects on Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 (MCF-7) and MD Anderson-metastatic breast-231 (MDA-MB-231) cells. The enriched fractions were found to include tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabidiol, phenolics, flavonoids, terpenoids, and alkaloids. The phytochemical compositions of the extracts were evaluated for their correlation with α-glucosidase inhibitory activities and their effects on MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. In the α-glucosidase inhibition studies, the α-glucosidase inhibitory activities (maltase and sucrase) of CL3 exhibited a greater inhibitory impact when compared with acarbose, with IC50 values of 3.36 ± 0.90 and 2.15 ± 0.17 mg/ml, respectively, with statistical significance (p < 0.05). The corresponding IC50 values were 2.15 ± 0.17 and 0.40 ± 0.09 mg/ml. According to a kinetic examination, intestinal maltase and sucrase were inhibited by CL3 in uncompetitive and noncompetitive manners. Cell viability assays after 24 hours of treatment of the cancer cells with enriched fractions using MTT were observed. Cancer cell proliferation was effectively inhibited by the enriched fraction at concentrations of 100–200 ppm, with statistical significance at the confidence level of p < 0.05. In addition, the results show that the high doses of CR5, CR6, CS7, and CS8 induced apoptosis. Our findings indicate that hemp has both anti-diabetic and anti-cancer capabilities, which might pave the way for future advancements in drug research.
Key words: Cannabis sativa L. subsp., enriched fractions, phytochemical analysis, anti-diabetes, anti-breast cancer
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