Both Sacroiliac Joint Syndrome (SIJS) and Piriformis Syndrome (PS) give rise to sciatica like symptoms and are the causes of low back pain due to its close proximity to the sciatic nerve. Clinical diagnosis of these two conditions are often compounded by the high degree of similarities in their clinical presentations making the diagnosis more speculative than confirmatory in our day to day practice. This is further complicated by non-availability of a reliable test that can confirm as well as distinctly distinguish the diagnosis of both the conditions. In the literature different theoretical basis are separatively given regarding causes of PS and SIJS, but are never discussed colectively which is usually seen in daily clinical practices. The review has emphasized to provide a baseline collective of most of pathogenetic and anatomic factors because of which one syndrome can give rise to another or vice-versa. Therefore the objective of the present review is to update what is known about the clinical characteristics and probable pathogenetic mechanisms of above syndromes for further understanding of the interrelations between PS and SIJS.
Key words: low back pain, sacroiliac joint syndrome, sciatica, piriformis syndrome
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