Abstract

Background and Aim: Contamination of meat by heavy metals is a concern due to their possible toxicity and effects on human health. The present study was undertaken to determine the presence and concentration of iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mg), lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) in fresh and grilled beef sold by kebab sellers in East-Legon.

Materials and Methods: Sixteen (16) fresh and 16 grilled beef samples were collected purposely from 3 popular kebab sellers (Bawalashie, Otano and School junction) in East-Legon. Beef samples were dried and digested to obtain filtrate. Filtrate was analysed using atomic absorption spectroscopy to determine the presence and concentration of the heavy metals.

Results: The concentration of the heavy metals ranged from 0.80 to 16.43mg/kg for Fe, 0.05 to 0.27mg/kg for Zn, 0.09 to 2.10mg/kg for Cu, 51.74 to 90.83mg/kg for Ca and 0.26 to 0.52mg/kg for Mg. There was statistical difference (P = 0.001) in the concentration of Fe, Zn, Cu and Ca in the fresh and grilled beef samples. The concentration of Mg in the fresh and grilled beef samples did not differ statistically (P = 0.370). Lead and cadmium were not detected in the beef samples examined. The concentration of Fe was highest in grilled beef samples obtained from Bawalashie (BF) and lowest in fresh beef samples obtained from Otano (OF). The concentration of Ca was highest in grilled beef samples obtained from School Junction (SG) and lowest in BF. The concentration of Mg was highest in fresh beef samples obtained from School Junction (SF) and lowest in grilled beef samples obtained from Bawalashie (BG).

Conclusion: The study revealed the presence and absence of some heavy metals. Heavy metals present were available in varying concentrations. All trace elements were below the maximum limit hence making it less harmful for consumption.

Key words: concentration, fresh beef, grilled beef, heavy metal.