Background: Decompressive craniotomy (DC) is a known risk factor for the development of posttraumatic hydrocephalus (PTH) in the patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Herein, the present study reported the development of PTH requiring ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt after DC for TBI. Methods: Four databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane Library) were searched from 1983 to April 2018. The studies evaluating the prevalence of PTH requiring VP shunt after DC in the patients with TBIwere selected without language restriction. A random-effects meta-analysis using event rate (ER) and 95% confidence intervals(CIs), was runby RevMan5.3 software. Results: Out of 355 studies obtained from the databases, 25 studies were included and analyzed in the meta-analysis. The studies included 2402 patients undergoing DC for TBI, 354 of who had PTH. The pooled ER of hydrocephalus in the patients undergoing DC for TBI was 17.7% [95%CI: 13.2 to 23.4%; P
Key words: Traumatic brain injury, decompressive craniotomy, hydrocephalus, ventriculoperitoneal shunt.
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