Objective: The present study was carried out to investigate the in vivo and in vitro toxicity of hydroethanolic leaf extracts Alternanthera brasiliana (A. brasiliana) and Alternanthera bettzickiana (A. bettzickiana).
Methods: Acute toxicity studies of hydroethanolic leaf extracts of A. brasiliana and A. bettzickiana were carried out in vivo on mice. 11 groups of mice were given five different doses of the hydro ethanolic leaf extracts of A. brasiliana and A. bettzickiana orally for 14days. General appearance and behaviour were observed for 14 consecutive days. Effect on haematological parameters and histopathological changes were also monitored. Cytotoxicity was assessed by observing its toxicity in vitro against DLA cell line by using MTT assay.
Results: Acute toxicity studies results showed that upto the tested dose of 2000 mg/kg bwt in both leaf extracts treatment, throughout the 14 days of treatment, the extract doesnot produced any toxicity symptoms. MTT assay indicated that both leaf extracts exhibited significant concentration dependent in vitro cytotoxic activity against DLA cell line. Hydroethanolic leaf extract of A. bettzickiana exhibited more potent cytotoxic effects on DLA cells than A. brasiliana extract.
Conclusion: The leaf extracts did not produced any significant toxic effect in mice. The LD50 values of both extracts were found to be more than 2000 mg/kg bwt.
Key words: Acute cytotoxicity, LD50, hematology,MTT assay, histopathology
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