Background: Diabetes during pregnancy is associated with many congenital anomalies such as macrosomia. Early detection and appropriate follow-up during pregnancy can improve the pageant women health and reduce the risk factors.
Objectives: The objectives of this study are to assess the ultrasound detection rate of congenital fetal malformations in women diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus (DM).
Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study contains 460 diabetic pregnant women. Age, weight, body mass index (BMI), previous miscarriage, termination of pregnancy, stillbirth, previous cesarean section, type of diabetes (Types 1 or 2). Ultrasound scan performed for all women at least once during the study period, between 16 and 24 weeks of gestation.
Results: During the study period, 460 pregnant women with preexisting DM performed pregnancy checkup and antenatal ultrasound. The mean age of patients in the study population was 40 years, BMI was obviously high 31 kg/m2 (standard deviation 7 kg/m2), and 61.5 of the women were obese to overweight. A total of one anomaly (0.22%) was present in the fetuses of diabetic women (P < 0.001), and the anomalies diagnosed by ultrasound was spinal defects.
Conclusion: The findings of this study suggested that all pregnant women regardless their location and economic status should follow their pregnancy with the proper. Proper follow-up and screening will improve the pregnancy outcome and reduce the adverse reaction of diabetic during pregnancy.
Key words: Gestational Diabetes Mellitus; Pregnancy; Ultrasound; Congenital Fetal Malformations
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