Abstract

The implementation of occupational health and safety (OHS) in hospitals plays an essential role in protecting both medical and non-medical staff from the risks of injury, infection, and work-related stress. Although OHS regulations are in place, their implementation often remains suboptimal due to various interrelated factors. This review aims to identify and analyze the determinants that influence the implementation of OHS in hospitals. This study is a scoping review conducted using the framework of Arksey and O’Malley (2005), which includes five stages: identifying the research question, searching for relevant studies, selecting studies, extracting data, and summarizing the findings. Literature searches were performed across five databases (ProQuest, PubMed, ScienceDirect, EBSCO, and Wiley) with the inclusion criteria of quantitative observational studies published in English between 2010 and 2025. Out of 17927 articles, eleven (11) met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. The synthesis showed that the determinants influencing the implementation of OHS in hospitals include the level of knowledge, motivation, compliance, education, years of service, training and supervision, work stress, competence, actions, policies, standard operating procedures, leadership, human resources, and law enforcement. Demographic factors such as age, gender, and education were also found to be associated with OHS implementation levels. The implementation of OHS in hospitals is influenced by a combination of individual, organizational, and structural factors. Strengthening training, leadership, compliance with institutional policies, and developing a multidimensional intervention model are crucial for the successful implementation of effective OHS practices for healthcare workers.

Key words: Occupational Health and Safety, Hospital, OHS Implementation, Health workers, Determinants