Abstract

Background:
Chess has long been used to evaluate fundamental cognitive functions, including memory and problem solving, where the executive function is crucial. Studies have shown that chess enables young players to gain advantages in various cognitive domains.

Aim:
This study aimed to compare and assess cognitive functions among chess players and non-chess players aged 11–16 years in Western India.

Methods:
The study was conducted in chess players (case) and non-chess players (control) aged 11–16 years with a normal body mass index and no cognitive impairment (Mini-Mental State Examination test >24). Participants were assessed for cognitive functions using several tests: executive function and selective attention (Stroop and Eriksen Flanker test), working memory (N-back test), reaction time (Deary–Liewald task), and intelligence (Bhatia Battery Tests of Intelligence).

Results:
Significant group differences were found for Stroop congruent time (p < 0.001), Stroop incongruent time (p < 0.001), Stroop interference (p < 0.001), Eriksen Flanker congruent time (p < 0.001), Eriksen Flanker incongruent time (p < 0.001), Flanker interference (p < 0.001), N-back (working memory) correct response (p < 0.001), Deary–Liewald simple reaction time (p < 0.001), Deary–Liewald choice reaction time (p < 0.001), and Bhatia’s Battery Tests of Intelligence Quotient (IQ) (p < 0.001), showing that chess players demonstrated better in respective cognitive functions.

Conclusion:
Chess players exhibited better cognitive functions across various domains, including selective attention, executive function, working memory, reaction time, and IQ, than non-chess players.

Key words: Cognitive function; Chess players; Selective attention; Executive function; Working memory; Reaction time.