Abstract

Background: Today, worldwide there is an enormous number of sciences, in each of them there are classifications. So you can classify everything, living and non-living beings, objects, concepts, events. Classification itself is dealt with by the science of taxonomy, which, based on similarities and differences, categorizes and sorts units into groups. The ICD is at the same time a medical and statistical classification. Objestive: The aim of this cross-sectional study was to describe historical background of development of Medical classification as the system of grouping disease entities in accordance with set criteria on the basis of which the grouping is done depends on the purpose of the classification, including description ICD-10 and ICD-11 classifications. Methods: The presented classification systems introduce order into the medical language, each of them with a certain specificity and direction, and the coding systems enable the implementation of IT procedures. Some classifications partially overlap, while some complement each other. In order for as many of them as possible to fit into a single functional unit, the program support of information systems must develop procedures for translating concepts with codes from one system to another (transcription English transcoding). Results and Discussion: In unification, the advantages of each system are used, such as the good structure of ICD-10 and ICD-11, and the extensive possibility of expressing medical terms with SNOMED. Regarding the problems that appear in the classifications, some observations are worth pointing out. Systems must be easily upgradeable, and most of them are, but the amount and breadth of medical knowledge is not easy to predict, so radical system revisions are sometimes unavoidable (eg transition from ICD-9 to ICD-10). Content changes must also be enabled in the way that, for example, MeSH does, where a whole series of terms is added and deleted annually, and some of them change their place in the classification. An example of this can be Cruetzfeldt-Jakob disease, which in some systems is etiologically classified into the group of viral diseases, and in others into the group of diseases caused by prions. Until recently, AIDS was a similar problem. Furthermore, an entity can and must be found in (a) only one and (b) at least one classified subgroup (rule of mutual exclusivity). The rule “only in one” is not fully respected by some systems (MeSH), which leads to redundancy, while the rule “at least in one” is most often solved by simply creating its own classification group for an entity with insufficiently known characteristics, which burdens the system (ICD-10). Today, the problem of encryption is only partially solved by software support for the automatic translation of textual medical records into codes using one of the classification systems. Such support is still in its infancy and is generally only being developed for the English-speaking world, so most of the work is still done by people. Wherever possible, coding is entrusted to special services that use computer software support, i.e. computer files in which the required medical terms, expressions and their codes can be quickly found. Such systems also partially monitor the entry of codes, preventing the entry of non-existent codes, i.e. those that are not already specified in the file. Conclusion: The statistical classification of diseases depends on the statistical use. Since the uses are different, the names represent a series of necessary compromises between classifications based on etiology, anatomical location, etc. However, each disease or state must have a definite and specific place in one of the categories of statistical classification. The ICD is at the same time a medical and statistical classification. D-11: the next evolution in healthcare, started in January 1st of 2022, and it is coding system which supports accurate resource allocation and cost management through enhanced dat

Key words: Clasification of diseases, ICD-10, ICD-11.