Abstract

Simulation-based training using virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and mixed reality (MR) technologies is increasingly utilized in neurosurgical education, particularly for complex tasks like brain tumor resections. However, the overall effectiveness of these technologies remains to be systematically evaluated. To assess the impact of VR/AR/MR simulation on neurosurgical performance, skill acquisition, and participant satisfaction in brain tumor resection training. A total of six studies were included in this review, with a total of 246 participants, comprising neurosurgery residents, junior neurosurgeons, and medical students. Studies employed VR, AR, or MR simulations for brain tumor resection training and evaluated performance outcomes, skill acquisition, and satisfaction. Risk of bias was assessed using established criteria. Simulation-based training consistently improved surgical performance. The PASSION study demonstrated significantly better tumor resection skills after VR training (p

Key words: Neurosurgical training, Brain tumor resection, Virtual reality, Augmented reality, Mixed reality.