Abstract

Pharmacognosy is the study of natural products with medical, ecological, gustatory, or other functional qualities, especially secondary metabolites. The histories of medicine and pharmacy are intimately related to the history of pharmacognosy. A significant shift in the methodical comprehension and use of medicinal herbs occurred throughout the 19th century, which also saw the start of modern pharmacy. Major discoveries like the discovery of penicillin, the isolation of reserpine, the anticancer properties of Vinca rosea, and the creation of semi-synthetic steroidal hormones propelled the development of modern pharmacology between 1934 and 1960. Recent developments in pharmacognosy and phytochemical research are also highlighted, as is the part phytochemistry plays in drug discovery. Throughout history, minerals, microbes, plants, and animals have been utilized as essential sources of medications for veterinary and human medicine. This review highlights recent trends in phytochemical research, quality control methods, and the role of pharmacognosy in addressing global health challenges, including cancer, Alzheimer's, and infectious diseases. By bridging traditional wisdom with cutting-edge methodologies, pharmacognosy remains a cornerstone of innovative pharmaceutical research and development.

Key words: Pharmacognosy, Bioactive compounds, Natural medicine, Plants extract, Herbal drugs, AI-assisted drug design