Abstract

Background:
Male reproductive organs are highly susceptible to oxidative damage. Cadmium (Cd) is classified as one of the 10 most toxic environmental heavy metals that cause testicular harm. Exposure to cadmium alters the reproductive system in males. Free radical generation by cadmium by testicular lipid peroxidation. Natural antioxidants may alleviate the hazard effects of cadmium. CG sap, wood, bark, leaves, and seeds have notable therapeutic features. CG sap is a candidate to mitigate cadmium toxicity.

Aim:
This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant potential of oleo-resin exudate (sap) from Commiphora gileadensis excised bark in vitro and its prevention of reproductive alterations in male rats exposed to cadmium chloride exposure.

Methods:
The antioxidant potentials of CG sap in vitro were estimated based on the total phenolic and flavonoid contents, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical-scavenging activity, and 2,2'-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid free radical scavenging activity. The reducing activities were also performed using copper (cupric reducing antioxidant capacity [CUPRAC]) and ferric (ferric reducing antioxidant power [FRAP]). Explored how CG sap influences Cd toxicity in the reproductive systems of male rats. Seven groups (6 rats each) were created from 42 healthy male adult albino rats. Group 1 (C) received distilled water as a control. Group 2 (Cd): 50 mg cadmium chloride/L drinking water (equal to 5 mg/kg/day). Group 3 was administered 100 mg/kg of CG sap. Group 4 was administered 400 mg CG sap/kg. Group 5 was administered 100 mg CG sap/kg plus 50 mg cadmium chloride/L. Group 6 was administered 400 mg CG sap/kg b. wt. plus 50 mg cadmium chloride/L. Group 7 (V) was administered 1% Tween 80, vehicle (1 ml/rat).

Results:
Rats suffering from Cd poisoning exhibited significant decreases in the weights of their testis, epididymis, and sex glands, as well as in sperm count, sperm motility, and overall biochemical antioxidant capacity. Co-administration of CG sap in a dose-dependent manner significantly reduced the size of the testis, epididymis, and sex accessory glands of rats intoxicated with Cd. Furthermore, this treatment reduced the catalase levels and total antioxidant capacity induced by Cd toxicity.

Conclusion:
It can be concluded that CG sap may be utilized as a natural candidate for protection against environmental Cd toxicity.

Key words: Antioxidants; Cadmium; CG; Male rats; Reproductive organs.