Abstract

Abstract: Allium fistulosum L. (spring onion) belongs to the family Amaryllidaceae and has been used as culinary herb and traditional remedy across various cultures. The therapeutic potential of spring onion is attributed to its rich phytochemical composition, including flavonoids, sulfur-containing compounds (such as allicin and thiosulfonates), saponins, and vitamins. These bioactive constituents exhibit a range of pharmacological activities, including antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antidiabetic, and cardioprotective effects. A systematic literature review was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science with keywords ‘Allium Fistulosum L.,’ ‘welsh onion,’ ‘phytochemicals,’ ‘pharmacological activity,’ and ‘traditional medicine.’ Studies from 1990–2023 were prioritized, alongside classical Ayurvedic texts (Charaka Samhita, Sushruta Samhita, Bhavaprakasha Nighantu). Inclusion criteria focused on experimental data; non-English articles were excluded. A total of 39 references were selected. The article highlights the traditional use, phytochemical profile, and pharmacology of spring onion. Given its nutraceutical potential and biological richness, Allium fistulosum L. stands as a candidate for further exploration in functional food development, integrative therapeutics, and phytopharmaceutical formulations.

Key words: Allium Fistulosum L., bioactive constituents, nutraceuticals, metabolic regulation