Abstract

Aim: Hepatic hemangiomas (HHs) are the most common benign liver tumors, and giant lesions may cause symptoms or complications requiring intervention. Surgical resection carries significant morbidity, and minimally invasive alternatives such as transarterial embolization (TAE) have gained importance. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical and radiological outcomes of TAE with bleomycin–lipiodol emulsion for giant HHs and to examine the relationship between peripheral contrast filling and volumetric response.
Materials and Methods: This retrospective, dual-center study included 41 patients who underwent TAE between January 2019 and June 2024. Indications for treatment were symptomatic lesions ≥5 cm, progressive growth of hemangiomas, or all lesions ≥10 cm. Contrast-enhanced MRI or CT was performed at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months post-treatment. Volumetric reduction ratio (VRR) and size reduction were calculated, and angiographic peripheral contrast filling was categorized into four groups (

Key words: Liver hemangioma; Therapeutic embolization; Bleomycin; Treatment outcome; Volume reduction rate