Abstract

Background:
Hemolytic anemia (HA) involves premature red blood cell destruction and often occurs in dogs as immune-mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA) and transfusion hemolytic reactions (HTR). Developing an animal model is crucial to studying its mechanisms. Syngeneic grafts or xenograft blood can be used experimentally to induce hemolytic and autoimmune responses through self-antigen mimicry.

Aim:
The purpose of this research was to examine the comparative effects of syngeneic graft and xenograft blood on inducing HA in mice.

Methods:
There were three groups (n = 18 mice): a negative control, a syngeneic graft group, and a xenograft group. Syngeneic graft blood was obtained from mice of a different seller. Xenograft blood was obtained from a cat. The blood was injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) at 0.2 ml 5 times per week for 7 weeks. Mice were observed for 14 days after the last injection. The effects were evaluated based on complete blood count (RBC, WBC, Hb, PCV), blood chemistry (TPP, bilirubin, globulin, BUN, and creatinine), blood smear description, relative splenic CD4+ and CD8+ cells, and histopathology of the spleen, liver, and kidney.

Results:
The results showed that the xenograft blood group had higher (p < 0.05) WBC, bilirubin, and BUN levels, as well as a higher number of splenic CD4+ and CD8+ cells, compared to the syngeneic graft blood group. Additionally, it has lower albumin and creatinine levels (p < 0.05) than the syngeneic graft. Both syngeneic graft and xenograft blood induced tissue destruction in the spleen, liver, and kidney.

Conclusion:
The research concluded that syngeneic graft blood induced a THRs model, and xenograft blood induced an IMHA-like model.

Key words: Blood; Hemolytic anemia; Tissue; Syngeneic graft; Xenograft.