Abstract

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is becoming more common around the world, especially among those receiving primary care. Lifestyle interventions focusing on diet, physical activity, and behavioral change are increasingly recognized as key components in the management of T2DM, yet their effectiveness across varied populations and settings remains a topic of ongoing research.
Aim: This systematic review aims to examine studies from 2015 to 2025 to understand the impact of lifestyle adjustments on managing type 2 diabetes (T2D) in primary care.
Methods: Databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library were consulted for articles on “T2D” that also addressed “lifestyle changes,” “primary care,” and actions related to “diet,” “physical exercise,” and “behavioral therapy” published during the years 2015 to 2025. Only studies with a randomized controlled trial, a cohort study, or a systematic review were considered if they covered adult patients with T2DM treated in primary health settings.
Results: Seven different studies with more than 9,000 people were included in the analysis. In most studies, HbA1c, weight, blood pressure, and cholesterol improved after putting participants through structured lifestyle programs. Using teams of different healthcare workers and technology resulted in improved compliance and regular blood glucose levels over time. Some studies reported challenges in patient retention and variation in outcomes based on demographic and socioeconomic factors.
Conclusion: Supporting people with T2D through primary care works best when personalized and maintained through continued engagement. The results highlight the need to add more holistic and patient-centered methods to regular diabetes care plans. Further research needs to be done to improve how the methods are delivered and to overcome the barriers to ongoing use by different groups.

Key words: Type 2 diabetes, lifestyle intervention, primary care, glycemic control, diet, physical activity, behavioral therapy, diabetes management, patient-centered care, chronic disease.