Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to assess the prevalence, patterns, and associated factors of dietary supplement (DS) usage within the general population of the Al Qassim region in Saudi Arabia.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted via an electronic survey distributed through social media and WhatsApp. The questionnaire collected data on sociodemographic factors, patterns of supplement usage, lifestyle factors, health status, and knowledge and attitudes regarding dietary supplements. A total of 391 people completed the survey, resulting in a response rate of 97.8%.
Results: In the past year, 229 (58.6%) participants used DS, with the majority being female (63.7%) and aged 20-35 years (61.1%). Multivitamins (26.6%) and vitamin D (21.1%) were the most commonly used, with daily intake among 40.2%. The main reasons for DS use were general health (41.4%) and dietary gaps (16.5%). While 297 (76%) believed in DS effectiveness, 79 (20.2%) were unsure. Most participants (91.0%) were aware of DS and its side effects (63.9%). About 228 (58.3%) strongly preferred natural supplements. Significant associations were found with age, gender, occupation, diet, and knowledge about DS efficacy and side effects (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: The results indicated a significant prevalence of DS use in the Qassim region, particularly among younger females. Although there was a strong awareness of the benefits, safety concerns persist. It is recommended to implement targeted public health education to promote the safe and informed use of supplements.

Key words: Dietary supplements, vitamins and minerals, healthy lifestyle, healthy behavior, Saudi Arabia