Abstract

Cryptosporidiosis is a significant zoonotic illness that infects the intestines of both people and animals. The protozoan parasite that causes this illness is a member of the genus Cryptosporidium, which is a eukaryote in the phylum Apicomplexa. The parasite Cryptosporidium is monoxenic, meaning it only has one host. Oocyte to oocyte development occurs in the host organism without an intermediate host. Developing nations have a far greater prevalence of Cryptosporidium infections because many people there still lack access to basic sanitation and clean water. Both innate and adaptive immune system components are involved in the host immunological response to Cryptosporidium infection; both pathways contribute to defense against Cryptosporidiosis. Cryptosporidium can be detected in the digestive tract, lungs, and conjunctiva, however the intestines sustain the most of the harm from cryptosporidiosis. Nowadays, most people agree that a frequent parasite that causes diarrheal illness is Cryptosporidium. Furthermore, infections caused by Cryptosporidium have spread to humans, primarily affecting individuals with immunological problems like AIDS patients. Cryptosporidiosis is typically diagnosed by looking for parasite eggs, oocyte antigen, or oocyte DNA in stool samples. Consuming food or beverages containing these protozoa's oocysts can infect both humans and animals. The majority of diseased individuals and animals with robust immune systems can heal themselves without medical intervention. The main strategy for preventing cryptosporidiosis is to reduce or eradicate environmental contamination with infectious oocysts, as there is currently no effective treatment for the disease.

Key words: Cryptosporidiosis, Diarrhea, Immunity, Oocyst, Parasite, Prevention.