Abstract

Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical, radiological, and treatment outcomes of pediatric patients diagnosed with Pseudotumor Cerebri Syndrome.

Methods: This retrospective study included 21 children diagnosed with definite or possible Pseudotumor Cerebri Syndrome according to the revised Friedman diagnostic criteria, out of 115 patients evaluated between 2017 and 2019 at a pediatric neurology clinic. Clinical findings, radiological features, treatment responses, and prognosis were analyzed.

Results: The majority of patients were female (85.7%), and the mean age was 12.8 years. Headache, visual disturbances, and vomiting were the most common presenting symptoms. High cerebrospinal fluid opening pressure (>280 mmH2O) was observed in 67% of patients. While 66.6% had Primary Pseudotumor Cerebri Syndrome, 33.4% were secondary, most commonly due to drug exposure and vitamin imbalances. Medical treatment with high-dose acetazolamide led to clinical improvement in most cases, and only a few required additional therapies such as topiramate or corticosteroids. A single case experienced recurrence. MRI findings supportive of Pseudotumor Cerebri Syndrome were present in several patients.

Conclusion: Early diagnosis and treatment Pseudotumor Cerebri Syndrome in children can prevent permanent visual complications. A multidisciplinary approach including ophthalmology and pediatric neurology is essential for accurate diagnosis, effective treatment, and favorable outcomes.

Key words: Pseudotumor Cerebri Syndrome, Intracranial Hypertension, Pediatric Neurology, Acetazolamide, Visual Loss