Abstract

Abstract

Proteomics is one of the major advances in understanding of human disease mechanisms, as well as, clinical applications with large scale study of proteins and functions. They include the traditional gel based technologies; the more advanced mass spectrometry and array based platforms, but the proteomic methods in this review are evolving from gel to mass spectrometry and then to array. Overall it is required to focus on the main branches such as structural, functional, clinical and metaproteomics related biomarker identification, disease diagnostic and therapeutic innovation. Proteomics is critically analyzed for its applications in diagnosing the neurodegenerative diseases (e.g., Alzheimer and Parkinsons), various cancers (e.g., ovarian and prostate), and cardiovascular conditions and the roles played by protein signatures, and post translatianal modifications, in disease pathology. also, therapeutical progress has been achieve through the enablement of drug target identification, mechanistic studies, and the combination of biomarker for precision medicine using the advances of proteomics. Linkage of proteomics to genomics, metabolomics, artificial intelligence and such inventions are current trends in which the resulting holistic disease model is envisioned. An area of standardization, lack of – or data integration; and another is translational validation — there are however ongoing innovations that will make proteomics more clinically useful. Future areas are the analytical sensitivity of the data, the discipline scope involved and use of a computational tool to better elucidate the proteomic data into a disease management and personalized healthcare strategies.

Key words: Keywords: therapeutics, cancer, biomarkers, neurodegenerative diseases.