Abstract

Dated back to over 3 billion years, the history of life on the planet earth is known and for more than 80% history, the earth atmosphere and the supracrustal sections have been undergoing changes, maintenance and re-circulation for the inception of life. The changes occur in the ecosystem, have always modulated the climate during the Cretaceous period and Late Paleozoic Ice Age. The continuous changes in the earth evinced the drastic changes in the carbon cycle over the 400 million years ago which resulted in the colonization of plants in the planet. The changes were also observed in the chemistry of seawater that shifts in the global formation of clay from oceans to lands. Since the climate system has been changed several times, the present ecosystem is at the brink of their ability to fulfil the necessities of the ever increasing population with the challenges including pollution, global hunger, climate change, land degradation social inequalities and uncontrolled human anthropogenic activities. The tools of the biotechnology also help in bioremediating the deteriorated soil and water bodies. Biotechnology has various tools and microbes are one of the important tools of the branch. The techniques have been also known to be cost-effective which also lowers the green products cost. In agriculture sector, the biotechnologically produced sustainable products i.e. biofertilizers and biopesticides helps in the crop protection and production without the use of the chemicals products. In energy sector, biofuel production is remarkable invention as fossil fuels are drastically depleting and their usage leads to mass amount of pollution.On the other hand, in industrial sectors biotechnology tools produces the biodegradable dyes, medicines, and food products. The present editorial provides the insight of the biotechnology technologies in the various sectors including agriculture, environment, food, energy sector and pharmaceutical industries.

Key words: Agriculture; Environment; Industrial applications; Nanobiotechnology; Microbial Biotechnology; Sustainability