Abstract

Aim: To formulate and evaluate a standardized herbal ointment using hydroalcoholic extracts of Euphorbia thymifolia L. (Doodhi Khurd), Quercus infectoria Olivier (Mazu), and Allium ascalonicum L. (Tukhm-e-Gandana), traditionally used in Unani medicine for the treatment of hemorrhoids.
Methods: The ointment was prepared using hydroalcoholic extracts of the selected herbs mixed with suitable excipients (coconut oil, beeswax, cetyl alcohol, etc.) along with Triethylamine as a pH stabilizer and subjected to a series of evaluations, including physical (color, odor, texture, homogeneity), physicochemical (pH, moisture content, solubility, viscosity, spreadability), and phytochemical (presence of bioactive constituents) analyses to assess its quality and effectiveness.
Results: The formulated ointment exhibited desirable characteristics such as uniform texture, stability, and homogeneity, making it suitable for topical use. Physicochemical parameters evaluated for ointment were found to be within acceptable limits. Phytochemical screening (fluorescence analysis and qualitative analysis) confirmed the presence of active constituents, including alkaloids, flavonoids, and glycosides, suggesting potential therapeutic efficacy.
Conclusion: This study emphasizes the importance of standardization and quality control in the development of herbal formulations. The evaluated ointment demonstrated promising physical and chemical properties, supporting its potential use in the management of hemorrhoids and reinforcing the value of traditional herbal therapies.

Key words: Unani medicine, Herbal ointment, Standardization, Hemorrhoids, Triethylamine, Physicochemical evaluation