For decades, traditional medicine has long been a valuable source for novel drug discoveries. This study aimed to evaluate the safety profile of the hydroethanolic leaf extract of Chloris pilosa (Goose grass) (HLECP) in albino rats. Standard phytochemical screening protocols were employed to identify the chemical constituents of C. pilosa extract. Acute oral toxicity (LD₅₀) was determined using the limit dose test, while a sub-chronic toxicity study was conducted by administering varying doses (150, 300, 600, and 1200 mg/kg body weight) daily for 28 days. Comprehensive biochemical assays assessed liver and kidney function markers, including alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatinine, and urea. Hematological analyses, including red blood cell count, white blood cell count, and hemoglobin levels, were also performed. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, anthraquinones, cardiac glycosides, and terpenoids. The determined LD₅₀ value of HLECP exceeded 3000 mg/kg body weight, with no fatalities or observable toxicological symptoms over a 14-day observation period. All treatment groups showed no mortality, and no behavioral or physiological abnormalities were detected. Biochemical parameters remained within normal reference ranges, suggesting no hepatotoxic or nephrotoxic effects. Hematological profiles were stable, indicating no disruption of hematopoiesis or immune function. These findings indicate that Chloris pilosa is a promising candidate for therapeutic use in traditional medicine, with no immediate safety concerns. However, further investigations, including chronic toxicity, genotoxicity studies, and clinical trials, are warranted to substantiate its long-term safety and efficacy for human use. This safety evaluation provides a scientific foundation for the exploration of the pharmacological potential of Chloris pilosa, ensuring its responsible application
Key words: Chloris pilosa, hydroethanolic extract, safety assessment, albino rats, toxicity, herbal medicine
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