Abstract

Background:
Piper crocatum extract contains bioactive compounds, such as flavonoids and phenolics, that exhibit anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), suppressing nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), and modulating pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-6. Liposomal encapsulation enhances these compounds’ stability, bioavailability, and targeted delivery, making it a promising strategy for anti-inflammatory drug development.

Aim:
This review evaluates the potential of P. crocatum liposomes as drug carriers for inflammatory disorders and identifies key research gaps.

Methods:
A systematic literature review was conducted using the Scopus database, following the PRISMA 2020 protocol and assisted by Parsif.ai for screening and data extraction.

Results:
P. crocatum liposomes improved the physicochemical stability and therapeutic activity of encapsulated compounds, exhibiting enhanced antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects. Their ability to modulate inflammation at the molecular level and deliver agents to specific sites demonstrates strong potential for therapeutic and preservative applications.

Conclusion:
P. crocatum liposomal formulations offer a stable and effective delivery system for inflammation-related therapies, supporting further investigation into their clinical and pharmaceutical applications.

Key words: Anti-inflammatory drug; Liposome; Red betel (Piper crocatum); Systematic literature review (SLR).