Aquaculture plays a vital role in meeting the increasing global demand for fish protein. Cold-water fish species, such as salmon and trout, are significant contributors to this industry. This review explores the synergistic impact of water quality management and probiotic application in enhancing the growth, health, and sustainability of cold-water fish culture. Optimal water parameters, including dissolved oxygen, pH, ammonia regulation and microbial balance, are essential for maintaining fish health and productivity. Probiotics, particularly beneficial bacterial strains, contribute to water bioremediation, pathogen inhibition, and improved gut health, thereby promoting efficient nutrient assimilation and growth performance. Recent advancements in biofloc technology and integrated probiotic approaches have shown promising results in reducing antibiotic dependency and fostering sustainable aquaculture practices. This review highlights key findings from contemporary research, identifies gaps in current knowledge, and suggests future directions for improving cold-water fish culture through a combined focus on water quality optimization and probiotic intervention. The integration of these strategies holds significant potential for enhancing fish biomass while ensuring ecological and economic sustainability in aquaculture systems.
Key words: Aquaculture; Fish biomass; Cold-water fish; Nutrition; Probiotics.
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