Kidney stones are a common urologic disease and include calcium-containing stones and less common uric acid (UA) stones. UA is produced from the oxidative breakage of purine nucleotides in humans. Food rich in protein is a considerable element in stone pathogenesis. To assess the association between consumption of protein and UA stone formation by reviewing the previous studies reported on this subject. An electronic database was used to search for related studies and using related terms with no limitation of date for the searching process. The eligible studies were those conducted on human subjects, original English studies, and available for full text. Eight articles were enrolled, with 1,509 subjects. The studies either compared groups of subjects or compared food diets. The formation of UA stones is linked with the protein consumption level as protein intake affects the levels of UA and pH of urine, where the high production of UA and reduced pH levels increase the tendency for UA crystallization and stone formation.
Key words: Protein intake, uric acid, stones, risk, systemic review
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