Background: Occupational health and safety (OHS) in healthcare institutions are crucial for the well-being of healthcare workers who are exposed to numerous risks in their working environment. In Kosovo, where healthcare institutions operate under resource constraints, understanding the challenges of OHS management challenges is vital for developing effective strategies. Objective: This study aims to explore the challenges of OHS management in Kosovo's healthcare system, focusing on three levels of healthcare provision in both the public and private sectors. The study aims to identify gaps in policies, practices, and infrastructure that affect the safety of healthcare workers and propose actionable recommendations. Methods: A qualitative research design was used, involving 191 healthcare professionals from primary, secondary, and tertiary levels of healthcare. Participants were randomly selected from public and private institutions. Data collection methods included semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions, ensuring a comprehensive understanding of OHS practices, perceptions, and barriers. Thematic analysis was used to identify key patterns and findings. Results: The findings revealed significant challenges in OHS management, including inadequate infrastructure, lack of personal protective equipment, insufficient training, and weak enforcement of regulations. Healthcare professionals reported high exposure to biological, chemical, and physical hazards, compounded by limited institutional support. Private sector facilities demonstrated slightly better resource availability but faced similar regulatory gaps. Conclusion: The study highlights critical deficiencies in OHS management in Kosovo's health system, posing risks to health professionals and the overall service quality. Addressing these challenges requires a multifaceted approach, including policy reforms, enhanced enforcement mechanisms, capacity-building initiatives, and improved resource allocation. Strengthening OHS management is essential for safeguarding the health workforce and ensuring sustainable healthcare delivery in Kosovo.
Key words: Occupational Health and Safety (OHS), healthcare institutions, Kosovo, workplace safety, healthcare workers
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