Background:
Breast cancer is a significant cause of female morbidity and mortality in Indian women. The incidence of breast cancer is rising in India (22.9%) and it is now the second most commonly diagnosed cancer in women here.
Aim:
To evaluate the difference between pre- and post-menopausal breast cancer women regarding risk factor, nature of disease presentation, tumor characteristic, and management. To determine and compare breast cancer in premenopausal and postmenopausal women. To determine the most prevalent high-risk group for carcinoma breast. To determine the difference in clinical presentation, risk factor, most common type of cancer and pathological type, characteristic, and management of cancer in premenopausal and postmenopausal women.
Methods:
This was an observational, prospective comparative study designed to evaluate and compare various clinical, demographic, and pathological factors associated with breast cancer in pre-menopausal and postmenopausal women. 100 women with breast cancer (50 each in premenopausal and postmenopausal) presenting at GCS Medical College, Hospital & Research Centre from July 2022 to July 2024 were included in the study. Data on demographics, clinical features, histopathological findings, treatment, and follow up were collected and analyzed statistically thereafter.
Results:
Age at first pregnancy is significantly different between the two groups, with post-menopausal women tending to have their first pregnancy earlier than pre-menopausal women. The duration of breastfeeding is significantly associated with menopausal status with postmenopausal women breastfeeding for longer duration. Family history of breast cancer and age at menarche are associated with menopausal status, with pre-menopausal women more likely to have a family history and earlier menarche. No statistical significance is found regarding parity, clinical presentation, histopathological findings (Histopathological examination grading, receptor status), tumor staging, postoperative radiotherapy, and recurrence rates between premenopausal and postmenopausal women.
Conclusion:
The comparative study between pre-menopausal and post-menopausal women shows the significance of certain risk factors and their implications in further chemo or radiotherapy influence. The complexity of pre and post menopausal should be further evaluated and classified in order to predict, screen, and prevent advanced breast cancer cases as well as their management, post detection, or screening.
Key words: Breast cancer, Premenopausal, Postmenopausal
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