Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is commonly known among diabetic patients, which causes blindness. Proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) and macular edema are the most common complications of DR that adversely impact the vision. Therefore, the current review aimed to investigate the causes, symptoms, complications, risk factors, and treatments of DR. Scientific articles linked to the present topic were obtained using an online searching process. The searching process included several scientific websites such as Google Scholar and PubMed. We obtained 17 articles that matched with the current subject and were written in English. Of those 17 articles, six were excluded as they were published before 2000, or did not focus on the current topic, or were written in a language other than English; therefore, only 11 papers were included, and they were published till 2020. Articles were selected according to the inclusion criteria, and the discussion of the subject was carried out under the main titles. DR is the most common microvascular/blinding complication of diabetes. PDR and macular edema are the most common complications of DR that adversely impact the vision of diabetic patients. Therefore, regular retinal investigations are crucial among diabetic patients. Laser photocoagulation is effective for treatment and prevention strategies. New therapeutic options should be implemented to improve the ophthalmic care of diabetic patients. Also, to reduce the ophthalmic complicationsÂ’ risks, blood pressure and other metabolic functioning should be controlled.
Key words: Diabetic retinopathy, diabetic macular edema, proliferative diabetic retinopathy, laser photocoagulation, ophthalmic complications
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