Abstract

Objective: To investigate the risk factors and microbial profiles associated with otomycosis to facilitate timely diagnosis and effective treatment, thus reducing recurrence and antimicrobial resistance.
Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted from July to September 2024 at the Otolaryngology Department, Peoples University of Medical and Health Sciences for Women, Nawabshah. We enrolled 374 patients aged 15–64 years with clinical symptoms of otomycosis. Following thorough clinical assessment, ear samples were collected for direct microscopy and culture, with fungal agents identified using Sabouraud's dextrose agar. Data were statistically analyzed with SPSS 23, employing an independent t-test.
Result: Of 374 participants, 53.5% were male, and the mean age was 40.68±15.08 years. Right ear involvement was predominant (88.23%), and most cases were rural residents (60%). Key risk factors included self-instrumentation of the ear (72.2%), habitual mustard oil instillation (54%), over-the-counter ear drop use (51.3%), and frequent swimming (24.6%). Aspergillus species, primarily A. niger (66.66%) and A. flavus (33.33%), were the most frequently isolated fungi, followed by Candida albicans (32.08%).
Conclusion: Otomycosis shows a strong correlation with rural residency, warm and humid seasons, self-instrumentation, and use of traditional home remedies. The high prevalence of Aspergillus infections suggests that targeted antifungal treatments are essential. Public education and primary care training are recommended to reduce improper ear practices and improve timely referrals, thereby enhancing management outcomes and minimizing recurrence.

Key words: Aspergillus species, candida albicans, otomycosis.