Objective: This study aimed to assess the prevalence of functional constipation (FC) among children and adolescents and to evaluate associated risk factors in Saudi Arabia.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using a validated online questionnaire that was distributed among participants recruited from the different regions of Saudi Arabia. Children and adolescents aged 4-17 years were included. The Rome IV diagnostic questionnaire for pediatrics functional gastrointestinal disorders was used to collect data. The Arabic version, provided and lingually approved by the foundation committee, was used in the current study.
Results: The overall prevalence of FC was 38.6% (95% CI 35.44%-41.84%). The prevalence of FC was associated with factors such as nationality, living setting, parental education, and maternal age, but not with average monthly income. Mothers of children with FC had a lower average age (30.3 years) compared to those without FC (35.2 years, p < 0.001). FC prevalence was higher in non-Saudi children (56.7% vs. 35.7%, p < 0.001) and in rural areas (54.6% vs. 34.6%, p < 0.001). Children of mothers and fathers with college and post-graduate degrees had a significantly lower prevalence of FC (p < 0.001).
Conclusion: The study revealed a relatively high prevalence of FC among children and adolescents in Saudi Arabia and identified several associated risk factors. Further research is encouraged to investigate the complex interactions between these variables and to develop targeted interventions to reduce FC prevalence and improve the overall well-being of children and adolescents in Saudi Arabia.
Key words: Prevalence, functional constipation, children, adolescents, Saudi Arabia
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