Human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) remains a significant global health challenge, with approximately 36.8 million people living with HIV (PLHIV) worldwide in the year 2019. Progress has been made in curbing the epidemic, especially in sub-Saharan Africa, but many regions still struggle with its impact. Bahrain, located in the Middle East, faces unique health challenges amidst a growing population and an evolving healthcare landscape. Recent data from the United Nations Program on HIV/ AIDS (UNAIDS) in 2022 estimated around 190,000 PLHIV in the Middle East and North Africa, with Bahrain contributing to this burden. Limited data indicated that Bahrain recorded 237, 548, and 244 cases of HIV/ AIDS in 2017, 2018, and 2019, respectively. Intravenous drug abuse is a prominent risk factor among Bahraini nationals, while sexual transmission is more common among foreigners. Notably, the primary route of HIV transmission has shifted to drug injection. Public attitude toward HIV/AIDS in Bahrain revealed persistent mis conceptions and negative views, despite overall awareness being decent. Confidence in government efforts to combat the epidemic is present. Bahrain’s healthcare infrastructure aims to provide comprehensive services, supported by collaborations with civil society organizations. The country has established a National AIDS Program and offers free antiretroviral therapy to diagnosed individuals. Treatment coverage has improved significantly, highlighting Bahrain’s commitment to addressing HIV/AIDS through comprehensive prevention, treatment, and support strategies.
Key words: HIV/AIDS, prevalence, implications, Bahrain, systemic review
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