Objective: This study aimed to address the research gaps by exploring the association between electronic device use, physical activity levels, and headache occurrence among adults.
Methods: This cross-sectional study, conducted during the year 2024 in Makkah, Saudi Arabia, targeted adults aged 18 years and above of any nationality. Data collection utilized a self-reported online questionnaire that was distributed via social media, employing a simple random sampling technique.
Results: The study included 411 participants, predominantly females (69.8%), aged 18-39 years (74.9%), and mostly Saudi nationals (94.9%). Chronic diseases were reported by 24.3%, with obesity (10.9%) and hypertension (9.2%) being the most prevalent. Electronic device use was nearly universal (98.8%), with smartphones being the primary device (80.0%). Headache characteristics varied, with 30.7% experiencing headaches lasting 4-72 hours and 12.7% having more than five attacks monthly. Multivariate analysis highlighted gender (p-value < 0.001), exercise regularity (p-value = 0.009), and continuous device usage (p-value = 0.028) as significant predictors of headache duration.
Conclusion: The study revealed a significant prevalence of headaches, identifying gender, exercise regularity, and continuous electronic device usage as key predictors of headache duration. These findings highlight the importance of lifestyle factors in headache management and suggest targeted interventions to reduce headache burden in the population.
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