Abstract

BACKGROUND: Sickle cell disease (SCD) is highly prevalent in Africa, especially in Nigeria, the most populous country, and is associated with a high mortality rate. Depression, common among individuals with SCD, correlates with increased pain intensity and opioid misuse, leading to poorer outcomes and diminished quality of life in these patients.
AIM: To determine whether major depressive disorder is a predictor of opioid use disorder among patients with sickle cell disease.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted at UDUTH Sokoto and employed psychometric instruments to evaluate patients with SCD. A systematic sampling technique was utilized, and data analyzed using SPSS version 25. Chi-square tests and regression analysis were employed to assess associations and identify predictors, respectively.
RESULTS: The study found statistically significant associations between opioid use disorder (OUD) and the lack of insurance services (p-value = 0.008), major depressive disorder (p-value < 0.001), and elevated pain scores (p-value = 0.003), but not with hemoglobin type (p-value = 0.229). OUD was also more prevalent among respondents with moderate to severe depression (p-value = 0.017). However, only major depressive disorder was identified as a predictor of OUD (AOR: 0.174, 95% CI: 0.067–0.452, p-value < 0.001).
CONCLUSION: The study identified major depressive disorder as a predictor of OUD among patients with SCD, this underscores the necessity for routine depression screening and timely intervention in this population.
Keywords: Major depressive disorder, Opioid use disorder, Sickle cell disease.

Key words: Major depressive disorder, Opioid use disorder, Sickle cell disease.