Human Leukocyte Antigens are alloantigens which make up the major histocompatibility complex in human.
They are responsible for graft rejection. They also play a major role in the pathogenesis, development of
cancer and some infectious diseases. Human leucocyte antigen (HLA) test is useful in forensic medicine,
paternity testing and immunogenetics. The present review describes recent advances in HLA and tissue
typing techniques. Biological methods, serology, flow cytometry and molecular techniques are discussed. It
is concluded that molecular biological methods are the best in spite of some limitations
Key words: Kidney Transplantation, Histocompatibility, Human Leukocyte Antigen, Crossmatch, Panel
Reactive Antibody (PRA)
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