Background: Effective diabetes management requires careful dietary regulation, influenced by various demographic and lifestyle factors. This study aimed at assessing the relationship between dietary patterns, demographics, and lifestyle behaviors among diabetic patients in Taif City.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 400 diabetic patients in Taif City. Data were collected through structured questionnaires covering demographic information, lifestyle behaviors, and dietary patterns. The relationships between dietary patterns and demographic factors (age, gender, marital status, educational level, occupation status, and body mass index) as well as lifestyle behaviors (smoking, physical activity, sleeping hours, duration of diabetes, and complications of diabetes) were analyzed using Pearson correlation.
Results: The study included 400 participants, predominantly younger adults, with 281 individuals (70.3%) being less than 30 years old. The gender distribution was skewed towards females, comprising 61.3% (N = 245), while males accounted for 38.8% (N = 155). Significant correlations were identified between dietary patterns and demographic factors. Older age was associated with reduced consumption of soda drinks (−0.163) and cake/biscuits (−0.109), while higher educational levels correlated with increased soda consumption (0.133) but reduced chicken intake (−0.120). Gender differences showed males consuming fewer soda drinks (−0.111) and more vegetables (0.154). Regarding lifestyle behaviors, smoking was positively correlated with soda drink consumption (0.127), while higher physical activity was associated with lower consumption of cake/biscuits (−0.105). Better sleep patterns were linked to increased fruit intake (0.101).
Conclusion: This study highlights the complex interplay between dietary patterns, demographic factors, and lifestyle behaviors among diabetic patients. Tailored dietary interventions considering these factors are essential for effective diabetes management.
Key words: Diabetes , dietary patterns, diet, type 2 diabetes mellitus, health , food
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