By 2050, Alzheimer's disease (AD) is predicted to affect 115 million people worldwide, ranking it as the fifth most prevalent cause of death globally and one of the main causes of dementia. The pathology of AD, characterized by synaptic loss, chronic inflammation, and the accumulation of amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques and tau neurofibrillary tangles, presents significant challenges for treatment. This review examines the emerging role of lecanemab, a humanized monoclonal antibody (MAb), which targets toxic soluble Aβ protofibrils to mitigate AD's progression. Recent clinical trials have demonstrated lecanemab's potential in slowing cognitive decline in early-stage AD patients, alongside its differential impact based on patient characteristics, particularly the challenge posed by APOE4 homozygotes. The review encompasses a detailed evaluation of lecanemab's Pharmacokinetics, safety profile, and comparative efficacy with other anti-Aβ therapies like aducanumab. The economic burden ($26,500/ annum) associated with lecanemab therapy is another challenge that needs to be addressed. Hence we discussed the economic considerations surrounding lecanemab's pricing, cost-effectiveness, and implications for accessibility. While lecanemab marks a promising advancement in AD therapy, ongoing scrutiny of its long-term benefits and adverse effects is crucial for determining its role within the evolving landscape of AD treatment options.
Key words: Alzheimer's disease, Lecanemab, Amyloid β, Immunotherapy, Monoclonal antibody
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