Background:
Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is a complex illness that impacts the respiratory system of domestic cattle, resulting in significant financial losses for the agriculture industry. Inactivated or modified live pathogen vaccines are often used as a management tool to prevent and control BRD effectively.
Aim:
The purpose of this study is to assess the cell-mediated immune response (CMI) induced by two commercially available polyvalent vaccines, namely the modified live (Cattle Master Gold FP) and the inactivated (CATTLEWIN-5K) vaccine.
Methods:
A total of 20 seronegative heifers against 4 BRD viruses, Bovine alphaherpisvirus-1 (BoAHV-1), Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV BVDV-1: Pesti virus A; BVDV-2: Pesti virus B), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) and Bovine parainfluenza virus-3 (BPIV3) were chosen for this study. The heifers were divided into three groups. The first group (n=6) received no vaccination and was kept as a control. The second and third groups (7 heifers each) were vaccinated twice with either a modified live (MLV) or inactivated vaccine. The gene expression level of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interferon-gamma (INF-γ) was measured using real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) on the 7th, 14th, 21st, 28th, and 60th days post-vaccination. The results were compared with the control group to study the effectiveness of the vaccines.
Results:
There was an upregulation in the expression level of IL-6 and INF-γ in both MLV and inactivated vaccinated groups. The level of IL-6 mRNA expression was statistically increased from the 14th and 28th days post-vaccination in MLV and inactivated vaccine groups, respectively. The expression level of INF-γ increased significantly from the 2nd and 4th weeks post-vaccination in the MLV and inactivated vaccine groups, respectively. The mean expression level of IL-6 and INF-γ mRNAs was significantly higher in the MLV vaccine group than in the inactivated vaccine group at each examination time.
Conclusion:
Both investigated vaccines are efficient in stimulating CMI, particularly with the MLV vaccine showing a higher preponderance in IL-6 and INF-γ.
Key words: BRD, Cell mediated immunity, IL-6, INF-γ, Vaccine
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