Abstract

Background: Delayed diagnosis and neglect have been associated with low general population awareness of thyroid disease manifestations and risk factors. The objective of this study was to investigate the level of awareness among the population of Alahsa regarding the manifestations and risk factors associated with thyroid diseases.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Alahsa, Saudi Arabia, using convenient sampling techniques. An online questionnaire was distributed through social media for1 month among the general population aged 18 and older.
Results: In total, 390 individuals participated in the study, the majority worked in non-healthcare professions (73.2%). The study found that common symptoms that participants associated with needing thyroid function tests included increased body weight (64.4%), neck pain (41.3%), hair loss (40.8%), voice changes (33.6%), and depression (33.3%). Participants demonstrated awareness of common symptoms such as insomnia (51%), increased heart rate (47.2%), and temperature intolerance (46.2%). They also recognized risk factors including being female (65.4%), radiation exposure (49.2%), iodine intake (44.6%), smoking (44.6%), and pregnancy (29%). Overall, only 21.8% of participants had good knowledge about thyroid disorders, while the majority (78.2%) had a poor knowledge level.
Conclusion: The results of the study highlight the necessity to enhance knowledge and awareness regarding thyroid disorders among the population of Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia.

Key words: Thyroid diseases awareness, manifestation, risk factors, Alahsa, Saudi Arabia